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RC Practice - 9th July
Although training in ethics is currently provided by medical schools, this training relies heavily on an abstract, philosophical view of ethics. Although the conceptual clarity provided by a traditional ethics course can be valuable, theorizing about ethics contributes little to the understanding of everyday human experience or to preparing medical students for the multifarious ethical dilemmas they will face as physicians. A true foundation in ethics must be predicated on an understanding of human behavior that reflects a wide array of relationships and readily adapts to various perspectives, for this is what is required to develop empathy. Ethics courses drawing on narrative literature can better help students prepare for ethical dilemmas precisely because such literature attaches its readers so forcefully to the concrete and varied world of human events. The act of reading narrative literature is uniquely suited to the development of what might be called flexible ethical thinking. To grasp the development of character, to tangle with heightening moral crises, and to engage oneself with the story not as one’s own but nevertheless as something recognizable and worthy of attention, readers must use their moral imagination. Giving oneself over to the ethical conflicts in a story requires the abandonment of strictly absolute, inviolate sets of moral principles. Reading literature also demands that the reader adopt another person’s point of view –that of the narrator or a character in a story—and thus requires the ability to depart from one’s personal ethical stance and examine moral issues from new perspectives. It does not follow that readers, including medical professionals, must relinquish all moral principles, as is the case with situational ethics, in which decisions about ethical choices are made on the basis of intuition and are entirely relative to the circumstances in which they arise. Such an extremely relativistic stance would have as little benefit for the patient or physician as would a dogmatically absolutist one. Fortunately, the incorporation of narrative literature into the study of ethics, while serving as a corrective to the later stance, need not lead to the former. But it can give us something that is lacking in the traditional philosophical study of ethics—namely, a deeper understanding of human nature that can serve as a foundation for ethical reasoning and allow greater flexibility in the application of moral principles.
1. Which one of the following most accurately states the main point of the passage?
(A) Training in ethics that incorporates narrative literature would better cultivate flexible ethical thinking and increase medical students’ capacity for empathetic patient care as compared with the traditional approach of medical schools to such training.
(B) Traditional abstract ethical training, because it is too heavily focused on theoretical reasoning, tends to decrease or impair that medical student’s sensitivity to modern ethical dilemmas.
(C) Only a properly designed curriculum that balances situational, abstract, and narrative approaches to ethics will adequately prepare the medical student for complex ethical confrontations involving actual patients.
(D) The study of narrative literature in medical schools would nurture moral intuition, enabling the future doctor to make ethical decisions without appeal to general principles.
2. Which one of the following most accurately represents the author’s use of the term ―moral imagination in the third paragraph?
(A) a sense of curiosity, aroused by reading, that leads one to follow actively the development of problems involving the characters depicted in narratives.
(B) A faculty of seeking out and recognizing the ethical controversies involved in human relationships and identifying oneself with one side or another in such controversies
(C) A capacity to understand the complexities of various ethical dilemmas and to fashion creative and innovative solutions to them
(D) An ability to understand personal aspects of ethically significant situations even if one is not a direct participant and to empathize with those involved in them.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most likely agree with which one of the following statements?
(A) Students learn more about ethics through the use of fiction than through the use of non?fictional readings.
(B) The traditional method of ethical training in medical schools should be supplemented or replaced by more direct practical experience with real-life patients in ethically difficult situations.
(C) The failing of an abstract, philosophical training in ethics can be remedied only by replacing it with a purely narrative-based approach.
(D) Neither scientific training nor traditional philosophical ethics adequately prepares doctors to deal with the emotional dimension of patients’ needs.
4. Which one of the following is most likely the author’s overall purpose in the passage?
(A) To advise medical schools on how to implement a narrative-based approach to ethics in their curricula.
(B) To argue that the current methods of ethics education are counterproductive to the formation of empathetic doctor-patient relationships.
(C) To propose an approach to ethical training in medical school that will preserve the human dimension of medicine.
(D) To demonstrate the value of a well-designed ethics education for medical students.
5. The passage ascribes each of the following characteristics to the use of narrative literature in ethical education EXCEPT:
(A) It tends to avoid the extreme relativism of situational ethics.
(B) It can help insulate future doctors from the shock of the ethical dilemmas they will confront.
(C) It can help lead medical students to develop new ways of dealing with patients.
(D) It requires students to examine moral issues from new perspectives.
6. The author’s attitude regarding the traditional method of teaching ethics in medical school can most accurately be described as
(A) unqualified disapproval of the method and disapproval of all of its effects
(B) reserved judgment regarding the method and disapproval of all of its effects (C) partial disapproval of the method and clinical indifference toward its effects (D) partial disapproval of the method and approval of some of its effects
Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/7LoqB8V1xZI
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RC Practice - 10th July
In explaining the foundations of the discipline known as historical sociology—the examination of history using the methods of sociology—historical sociologist Alexander Frank argues that, while people are made by society as much as society is made by people, sociologists’ approach to the subject is usually to focus on only one of these forms of influence to the exclusion of the other. Frank insists on the necessity for sociologists to move beyond these one-sided approaches to understand society as an entity constructed by individuals who are at the same time constructed by their society. Frank refers to this continuous process as “structuring”. Frank also sees history as the result of structuring. People, both individually and as members of collectives, make history. But our making of history is itself formed and informed not only by the historical conditions we inherit from the past, but also by the prior formation of our own identities and capacities, which are shaped by what Frank calls “contingencies”—social phenomena over which we have varying degrees of control. Contingencies include such things as the social conditions under which we come of age, the condition of our household’s economy, the ideologies available to help us make sense of our situation, and accidental circumstances. The ways in which contingencies affect our individual or group identities create a structure of forces within which we are able to act, and that partially determines the sorts of actions we are able to perform. In Frank’s analysis, historical structuring, like social structuring, is manifold and unremitting. To understand it, historical sociologists must extract from it certain significant episodes, or events, that their methodology can then analyze and interpret. According to Frank, these events are points at which action and contingency meet, points that represent a cross section of the specific social and individual forces in play at a given time. At such moments, individuals stand forth as agents of history not simply because they possess a unique ability to act, but also because in them we see the force of the specific social conditions that allowed their actions to come forth. Individuals can “make their mark” on history, yet in individuals one also finds the convergence of wider social forces. In order to capture the various facets of this mutual interaction, Frank recommends a fourfold structure to which he believes the investigations of historical sociologists should conform: first, description of the event itself; second, discussion of the social context that helped bring the event about and gave it significance; third, summary of the life history of the individual agent in the event; and fourth, analysis of the consequences of the event both for history and for the individual.
1. Given the passage’s argument, which one of the following sentences most logically completes the last paragraph?
(A) By adhering to this structure, Frank believes, historical sociologists will be able to better portray the complex connections between human agency and history.
(B) Only if they adhere to this structure, Frank believes, will historical sociologists be able to counter the standard sociological assumption that there is very little connection between history and individual agency.
(C) Unless they can agree to adhere to this structure, Frank believes, historical sociologists risk having their discipline treated as little more than an interesting but ultimately indefensible adjunct to history and sociology.
(D) By adhering to this structure, Frank believes, historical sociologists can shed light on issues that traditional sociologists have chosen to ignore in their one-sided approaches to the formation of societies.
2. The passage states that a contingency could be each of the following EXCEPT:
(A) a social phenomenon
(B) a form of historical structuring
(C) a condition controllable to some extent by an individual
(D) a partial determinant of an individual’s actions
3. Which one of the following is most analogous to the ideal work of a historical sociologist as outlined by Frank?
(A) In a report on the enactment of a bill into law, a journalist explains why the need for the bill arose, sketches the biography of the principal legislator who wrote the bill, and ponders the effect that the bill’s enactment will have both one society and on the legislator’s career.
(B) In a consultation with a patient, a doctor reviews the patient’s medical history, suggests possible reasons for the patient’s current condition, and recommends steps that the patient should take in the future to ensure that the condition improves or at least does not get any worse.
(C) In an analysis of a historical novel, a critic provides information to support the claim that details of the work’s setting are accurate, explains why the subject of the novel was of particular interest to the author, and compares the novel with some of the author’s other books set in the same period.
(D) In a presentation to stockholders, a corporation’s chief executive officer describes the corporations’ most profitable activities during the past year, introduces the vice president largely responsible for those activities, and discusses new projects the vice president will initiate in the coming year.
4. The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to
(A) outline the merits of Frank’s conception of historical sociology
(B) convey the details of Frank’s conception of historical sociology
(C) examine the roles of key terms used in Frank’s conception of historical sociology
(D) identify the basis of Frank’s conception of historical sociology
5. Based on the passage, which one of the following is the LEAST illustrative example of the effect of a contingency upon an individual?
(A) the effect of the fact that a person experienced political injustice on that person’s decision to work for political reform
(B) the effect of the fact that a person was raised in an agricultural region on that person’s decision to pursue a career in agriculture
(C) the effect of the fact that a person lives in a particular community on that person’s decision to visit friends in another community
(D) the effect of the fact that a person’s parents practiced a particular religion on that person’s decision to practice that religion
Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/S3jBTQk_QR4
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RC Practice - 11th July
While African-American literature is well accepted in the United States, there are numerous views on its significance, traditions, and theories. To the genre's supporters, African-American literature arose out of the experience of Blacks in the United States, especially with regards to historic racism and discrimination, and is an attempt to refute the dominant culture's literature and power. In addition, supporters see the literature existing both within and outside American literature and as helping to revitalize the country's writing. To critics, African-American literature is part of a Balkanization of American literature. In addition, there are some within the African-American community who do not like how their own literature sometimes showcases Black people. In broad terms, African-American literature can be defined as writings by people of African descent living in the United States. It is highly varied. African-American literature has generally focused on the role of African Americans within the larger American society and what it means to be an American. Among the themes and issues explored in this literature are the role of African Americans within the larger American society, African-American culture, racism, slavery, and social equality. African-American writing has tended to incorporate oral forms, such as spirituals, sermons, gospel music, blues, or rap. One of the most prominent scholars of African-American literature is Jean Wagner. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as secular, frame of reference. The appropriateness of such an approach may seem self-evident for a tradition commencing with spirituals and owing its early forms, rhythms, vocabulary, and evangelical fervor to Wesleyan hymnals. But before Wagner a secular outlook that analyzed Black poetry solely within the context of political and social protest was dominant in the field. It is Wagner who first demonstrated the essential fusion of racial and religious feeling in Afro-American poetry. The two, he argued, form a symbiotic union in which religious feelings are often applied to racial issues and racial problems are often projected onto a metaphysical plane. Wagner found this most eloquently illustrated in the Black spiritual, where the desire for freedom in this world and the hope for salvation in the next are inextricably intertwined.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) introduce African-American literature and Jean Wagner’s influence on the same
(B) document the influence of Jean Wagner on the evolution of Afro-American poetry
(C) explain the relevance of Jean Wagner’s work to the study of Afro-American religion
(D) indicate the importance of Jean Wagner’s analysis of Afro-American poetry
2. All of the following aspects of Afro-American poetry are referred to in the passage as having been influenced by Wesleyan hymnals EXCEPT:
(A) subject matter
(B) word choice
(C) structure
(D) tone
3. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Wagner, most students of Afro-American poetry did which of the following?
(A) Contributed appreciably to the transfer of political protest from Afro-American poetry to direct political action.
(B) Ignored at least some of the historical roots of Afro-American poetry.
(C) Analyzed fully the aspects of social protest to be found in such traditional forms of Afro-American poetry as the Black spiritual.
(D) Regarded as unimportant the development of fervent emotionalism in a portion of Afro-American poetry.
4. According to the author, all but which of the following is true of Afro-American literature?
(A) It is at once a part of and independent of American literature
(B) Not all the members of the community that it represents empathize with it (C) It is formed primarily of Blacks’ experiences in America in times of slavery
(D) It is sometimes seen as a confrontation to American literature
5. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the author’s central argument? (A) The poetry produced by Afro-American poets had long been viewed in context of Blacks’ religious experiences even before Wagner.
(B) The religious elements in the Afro-American literature are exceptional to a few prominent poets, rather than all.
(C) Racism was a predominant theme in most of the Afro-American poetry
(D) Even the American community concedes that the Blacks’ experiences in the US were primarily formed out of their religious affiliations
Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/zmQkIzGLKWg
RC Practice - 12th July
The myth persists that in 1492 the Western Hemisphere was an untamed wilderness and that it was European settlers who harnessed and transformed its ecosystems. But scholarship shows that forests, in particular, had been altered to varying degrees well before the arrival of Europeans. Native populations had converted much of the forests to successfully cultivated stands, especially by means of burning. Nevertheless, some researchers have maintained that the extent, frequency, and impact of such burning was minimal. One geographer claims that climatic change could have accounted for some of the changes in forest composition; another argues that burning by native populations was done only sporadically, to augment the effects of natural fires. However, a large body of evidence for the routine practice of burning exists in the geographical record. One group of researchers found, for example, that sedimentary charcoal accumulations in what is now the northeastern United States are greatest where known native American settlements were greatest. Other evidence shows that, while the characteristics and impact of fires set by native populations varied regionally according to population size, extent of resource management techniques, and environment, all such fires had markedly different effects on vegetation pattern than did natural fires. Controlled burning created grassy openings such as meadows and glades. Burning also promoted a mosaic quality to North and South American ecosystems, creating forests in many different stages of ecological development. Much of the mature forestland was characterized by open herbaceous undergrowth, another result of the clearing brought about by burning. In North America, controlled burning created conditions favourable to berries and other fire-tolerant and sun-loving foods. Burning also converted mixed stands of trees to homogeneous forest, for example the longleaf, slash pine, and scrub oak forests of the southeastern U.S. Natural fires do account for some of this vegetation, but regular burning clearly extended and maintained it. Burning also influenced forest composition in the tropics, where natural fires are rare. An example is the pine-dominant forests of Nicaragua, where warm temperatures and heavy rainfall naturally favor mixed tropical or rain forests. While they primarily grow in cooler, drier, higher elevations, regions where such vegetation is in large part natural and even prehumen, today, the Nicaraguan pines also occur where there has been clearing followed by regular burning, and the same is likely to have occurred in the past: such forests were present when Europeans arrived and were found only in areas where native settlements were substantial; when these settlements were abandoned, the land returned to mixed hardwoods. This succession is also evident elsewhere in similar low tropical elevations in the Caribbean and Mexico. 1. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main idea of the passage?
(A) Despite extensive evidence that native populations had been burning North and South American forests extensively before 1492, some scholars persist in claiming that such burning was either infrequent or the result of natural causes. (B) In opposition to the widespread belief that in 1492 the Western hemisphere was uncultivated, scholars unanimously agree that naive population were substantially altering North and South American forests well before the arrival of Europeans.
(C) Although some scholars minimize the scope and importance of the burning of forests engaged in by native populations of North and South American before 1492, evidence of the frequency and impact of such burning is actually quite extensive.
(D) Where scholars had once believed that North and South American forests remained uncultivated until the arrival of Europeans, there is now general agreement that native populations had been cultivating the forests since well before 1492.
2. It can be inferred that a forest burned as described in the passage would have been LEAST likely to display
(A) numerous types of hardwood trees
(B) extensive herbaceous undergrowth
(C) various stages of ecological maturity
(D) grassy opening such as meadows or glades
3. The “succession” mentioned in last line refers to
(A) forest clearing followed by controlled burning of forests
(B) tropical rain forest followed by pine forest
(C) European settlement followed by abandonment of land
(D) homogeneous pine forest followed by mixed hardwoods
4. Which one of the following is presented by the author as evidence of controlled burning in the tropics before the arrival of Europeans?
(A) extensive homogeneous forests at high elevation
(B) extensive homogeneous forests at low elevation
(C) extensive heterogeneous forests at high elevation
(D) extensive sedimentary charcoal accumulations at high elevation
5. With which one of the following would the author be most likely to agree?
(A) The long-term effects of controlled burning could just as easily have been caused by natural fires.
(B) Nicaraguan pine forests could have been created either by natural fires or by controlled burning.
(C) European settlers had little impact on the composition of the ecosystems in North and South America.
(D) Certain species of plants may not have been as abundant in North America without controlled burning.
6. As evidence for the routine practice of forest burning by native populations before the arrival of Europeans, the author cites all of the following EXCEPT:
(A) The similar characteristics of fires in different regions.
(B) The simultaneous presence of forests at varying stages of maturity
(C) The existence of herbaceous undergrowth in certain forests
(D) The heavy accumulation of charcoal near populous settlements
Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/kwMAfmqAvyA
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RC Practice - 13th July
Since some of the dead animals never washed ashore, the overall disaster was presumably worse; perhaps 50 percent of the population died. A dolphin die-off of this character and magnitude had never before been observed; furthermore, the dolphins exhibited a startling range of symptoms. The research team that examined the die-off noted the presence of both skin lesions and internal lesions in the liver, lung, pancreas and heart, which suggested a massive opportunistic bacterial infection of already weakened animals. Tissues from the stricken dolphins were analyzed for a variety of toxins. Brevetoxin, a toxin produced by the blooming of the alga Ptychodiscus brevis, was present in eight out of seventeen dolphins tested. Tests for synthetic pollutants revealed that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were present in almost all animals tested. The research team concluded that brevetoxin poisoning was the most likely cause of the illnesses that killed the dolphins. Although P. brevis is ordinarily not found along the Atlantic coast, an unusual bloom of this organism—such blooms are called “red tides” because of the reddish color imparted by the blooming algae—did occur in the middle of the affected coastline in October 1987. These researchers believe the toxin accumulated in the tissue of fish and then was ingested by dolphins that preyed on them. The emaciated appearance of many dolphins indicated that they were metabolizing their blubber reserves, thereby reducing their buoyancy and insulation (and adding to overall stress) as well as releasing stores of previously accumulated synthetic pollutants, such as PCBs, which further exacerbated their condition. The combined impact made the dolphins vulnerable to opportunistic bacterial infection, the ultimate cause of death. For several reasons, however, this explanation is not entirely plausible. First, bottlenose dolphins and P. brevis red tides are both common in the Gulf of Mexico, yet no dolphin die?off of a similar magnitude has been noted there. Second, dolphins began dying in June, hundreds of miles north of and some months earlier than the October red tide bloom. Finally, the specific effects of brevetoxin on dolphins are unknown, whereas PCB poisoning is known to impair functioning of the immune system and liver and to cause skin lesions; all of these problems are observed in the diseased animals. An alternative hypothesis, which accounts for these facts, is that a sudden influx of pollutants, perhaps from offshore dumping, triggered a cascade of disorders in animals whose systems were already heavily laden with pollutants. Although brevetoxin may have been a contributing factor, the event that actually precipitated the die-off was a sharp increase in the dolphins’ exposure to synthetic pollutants.
1. According to the author, which of the following correctly describes the chain of events that led to the death of dolphins?
(A) The abnormal growth of alga P. brevis resulted in toxin accumulation in fish, dolphins fed on this fish, their immunity got compromised, a surge in pollutant PCB worsened their system and bacterial infection became the final nail in their coffin. (B) An unusual surge in pollutant PCB stressed dolphins’ immune responses and led to high levels of toxins, the growth of alga P.brevis exacerbated the immune system and more PCB dumped offshore led to organ failure and death
(C) Bacterial infection compromised dolphins’ immunity, offshore dumping of PCB pollutant led to poisoning, and the toxin accumulation due to excessive growth of P.brevis led to organ failure and death
(D) An unusual surge in PCB pollutants triggered stressful immune responses, the excessive growth of P.brevis led to accumulation of toxins, further worsening their condition, and this compromised immune system probably gave up to a bacterial infection
2. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) assessing the effects of a devastating bacterial infection in Atlantic coast bottlenose dolphins
(B) pointing out the weaknesses in the research methodology used to explore the dolphin die-off
(C) discussing relative effects of various marine pollutants in dolphin die-off in Atlantic coast
(D) advancing possible alternative explanations for the massive dolphin die-off
3. Which one of the following is most analogous to the approach taken by author of the passage with regard to the research described in the third paragraph?
(A) A physics teacher accepts the data from a student’s experiment but questions the student’s conclusions.
(B) An astronomer provides additional observations to support another astronomer’s theory.
(C) A cook revises a traditional recipe by substituting modern ingredients for those used in the original.
(D) A doctor prescribes medication for a patient whose illness was misdiagnosed by another doctor.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most probably agree with which one of the following statements about brevetoxin?
(A) It may have been responsible for the dolphins’ skin lesions but could not have contributed to the bacterial infection.
(B) It forms more easily when both P. brevis and synthetic pollutants are present in the environment simultaneously.
(C) It damages liver function and immune system responses in bottlenose dolphins but may not have triggered this particular dolphin die-off.
(D) It is unlikely to have caused the die-off because it was not present in the dolphins’ environment when the die-off began.
5. The explanation for the dolphin die-off given by the research team most strongly supports which one of the following?
(A) When a dolphin metabolizes its blubber, the PCBs released may be more dangerous to the dolphin than they were when stored in the blubber.
(B) When P. brevis blooms in an area where it does not usually exist, it is more toxic than it is in its usual habitat.
(C) Opportunistic bacterial infection is usually associated with brevetoxin poisoning in bottlenose dolphins.
(D) The dolphins’ emaciated state was probably a symptom of PCB poisoning rather than of brevetoxin poisoning.
6. It can be inferred from the passage that opportunistic infection refers to
(A) infections induced by humans for their greedy purposes
(B) infections caused by microbes which usually do not
(C) infections accompanied with toxins
(D) infections causing compromised immunity
Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/X1VYNpre7EE
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RC Practice - 15th July
Most office workers assume that the messages they send to each other via electronic mail are as private as a telephone call or a face-to-face meeting. That assumption is wrong. Although it is illegal in many areas for an employer to eavesdrop on private conversations or telephone calls—even if they take place on a company-owned telephone—there are no clear rules governing electronic mail. In fact, the question of how private electronic mail transmissions should be has emerged as one of the more complicated legal issues of the electronic age. People’s opinions about the degree of privacy that electronic mail should have vary depending on whose electronic mail system is being used and who is reading the messages. Does a government office, for example, have the right to destroy electronic messages created in the course of running the government, thereby denying public access to such documents? Some hold that government offices should issue guidelines that allow their staff to delete such electronic records, and defend this practice by claiming that the messages thus deleted already exist in paper versions whose destruction is forbidden. Opponents of such practices argue that the paper versions often omit such information as who received the messages and when they received them, information commonly carried on electronic mail systems. Government officials, opponents maintain, are civil servants; the public should thus have the right to review any documents created during the conducting of government business. Questions about electronic mail privacy have also arisen in the private sector. Recently, two employees of an automotive company were discovered to have been communicating disparaging information about their supervisor via electronic mail. The supervisor, who had been monitoring the communication, threatened to fire the employees. When the employees filed a grievance complaining that their privacy had been violated, they were let go. Later, their court case for unlawful termination was dismissed; the company’s lawyers successfully argued that because the company owned the computer system, its supervisors had the right to read anything created on it. In some areas, laws prohibit outside interception of electronic mail by a third party without proper authorization such as a search warrant. However, these laws do not cover “inside” interception such as occurred at the automotive company. In the past, courts have ruled that interoffice communications may be considered private only if employees have a “reasonable expectation” of privacy when they send the messages. The fact is that no absolute guarantee of privacy exists in any computer system. The only solution may be for users to scramble their own messages with encryption codes; unfortunately, such complex codes are likely to undermine the principal virtue of electronic mail: its convenience.
1. Which one of the following statements most accurately summarizes the main point of the passage?
(A) Until the legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in both the public and private sectors have been resolved, office workers will need to scramble their electronic mail messages with encryption codes.
(B) The legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in the work place can best be resolved by treating such communications as if they were as private as telephone conversations or face-to-face meetings.
(C) Any attempt to resolve the legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in the workplace must take into account the essential difference between public-sector and private sector business.
(D) At present, in both the public and private sectors, there seem to be no clear general answers to the legal questions surrounding the privacy of electronic mail in the workplace.
2. According to the passage, which one of the following best expresses the reason some people oppose the deletion of electronic mail records at government offices?
(A) Such deletion reveals the extent of government’s unhealthy obsession with secrecy.
(B) Such deletion runs counter to the notion of government’s accountability to its constituency.
(C) Such deletion clearly violates the legal requirement that government offices keep duplicate copies of all their transactions.
(D) Such deletion violates the government’s own guidelines against destruction of electronic records.
3. Which one of the following most accurately states the organization of the passage?
(A) A problem is introduced, followed by specific examples illustrating the problem: a possible solution is suggested, followed by an acknowledgment of its shortcomings.
(B) A problem is introduced, followed by explications of two possible solutions to the problem: the first solution is preferred to the second, and reasons are given for why it is the better alternative.
(C) A problem is introduced, followed by analysis of the historical circumstances that helped bring the problem about a possible solution is offered and rejected as being only a partial remedy.
(D) A problem is introduced, followed by enumeration of various questions that need to be answered before a solution can be found: one possible solution is proposed and argued for.
4. Based on the passage, the author’s attitude towards interception of electronic mail can most accurately be described as:
(A) outright disapproval of the practice
(B) support for employers who engage in it
(C) cynicism about the motives behind the practice
(D) intellectual interest in its legal issues
5. Given the information in the passage, which one of the following hypothetical events is LEAST likely to occur?
(A) A court rules that a government office’s practice of deleting its electronic mail is not in the public’s best interests.
(B) A court upholds the right of a government office to destroy both paper and electronic versions of its in-house documents.
(C) A court upholds a private-sector employer’s right to monitor messages sent between employees over the company’s in-house electronic mail system.
(D) A court rules in favor of a private-sector employee whose supervisor stated that in-house electronic mail would not be monitored but later fired the employee for communicating disparaging information via electronic mail.
6. The author’s primary purpose in writing the passage is to
(A) demonstrate that the individual right to privacy has been eroded by advances in computer technology
(B) compare the legal status of electronic mail in the public and private sectors (C) explain why the courts have not been able to rule definitely on the issue of the privacy of electronic mail conversations or face-to-face meeting
(D) illustrate the complexities of the privacy issues surrounding electronic mail in the workplace
Answers of today's RC :- https://youtu.be/4r_YD4VAp_E
Puys and Pirls just posting this to know where is Pinku Memewala these days ???? Havent seen any post / update from him .
Hi anyone who was a varc 1000 by gejo course's student last year, can you please give me more insight on that? TIA!
Selling my ims account which has self learning programme and all simcats and admats i bought this for 13,500 i would be selling for very cheaper price which you ask for and also i have varc 1000 by gego sir which i can give as complimentary so anyone looking please contact me on whats app 6300794200 you can buy online if you think i genuine i got admission into sibm b so no going to prepare any more please ping asap
I am selling my CAT materials. It contains all the TIME and Career Launcher (CL) books and also practice papers for CAT, XAT and SNAP.
Location: Chennai
If you're interested, please DM me.
CAT 2021 Material Available
Selling my complete IMS course for CAT 2021 including-
#Complete concept, problem solving videos, and live classes
#comprehensive practice modules (apx 7000+ cat level questions)
#masterclass series
DM on https://wa.link/ryh0qj
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