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In this article, we are discussing world heritage sites in India.
1. Kaziranga National Park, Assam :
a) Kaziranga National Park is located on the banks of the Brahmaputra River in Assam. The park hosts two-thirds of the world’s great one-horned rhinoceroses. They can only be seen in their natural habitat i.e. this national park.
b) It was established as a reserve forest in 1908 on Viceroy Lord Curzon’s proposition. The park was later declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 1940. UNESCO declared it as a World Heritage Site in 1985.
c) It is believed to have the highest population of tigers among protected areas, in the world. It was declared as a tiger reserve in 2006. It also has large populations of elephants, wild water buffalo & swamp deer.
d) Kaziranga is recognised as an important bird area by Birdlife International, a global partnership of conservation organisations working to protect bird species.
2. Manas National Park, Assam:
a) Manas National Park is located in the Himalayan foothills in Assam. It covers 50,000 hectares in the plains of Manas River. It is also, a project tiger reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve.
b) The park is home to rare & endangered wildlife species such as clouded leopard, sloth bear, Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur & pigmy hog.
c) It was declared as a reserve forest in 1907, as a sanctuary in 1928 & part of Project Tiger in 1973. It was declared a World Heritage Site in 1985.
d) In 1992, the sanctuary was among ‘World Heritage Sites in danger’ by UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee. However, the tag was removed in 2011.
3. Mountain Railways of India
a) This site includes 3 railways, namely the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, Nilgiri Mountain Railway & Kalka Shimla Railway.
b) The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is also known as the ‘Toy Train’. It is a narrow gauge railway, which runs from Siliguri to Darjeeling covering a distance of 88 kms. It was built by the British government in 1881.
c) The Nilgiri Mountain Railway is a single-track metre-gauge railway line running between Coonoor & Udhagamandalam (Ooty). It was built by the British in 1908.
d) The Kalka-Shimla Railway is a narrow gauge railway line in northwest India, which travels along a mountainous route from Kalka to Shimla. It was built by British in 1903.
e) The Mountain Railways of India are the best examples of interchange of values & technology. The impact of this transportation system on the socio-economic development of the region has been immense.
f) The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was inscribed in the World Heritage Site list by UNESCO in 1999. Later the Nilgiri Mountain Railway & Kalka-Shimla Railway was added to the list in 2005 & 2008, respectively.
4. Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi
a) It is the tomb of Mughal Emperor Humayun located in Delhi. The tomb was designed and built by Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyath during 1569-70 on the orders of Humayun’s first wife Bega Begum. It is the first garden tomb made on the Indian subcontinent.
b) It is the first distinct example of Mughal architecture with Persian influences.
c) The tomb is 42 meters in height with a double-layered central dome. The dome has a white marble exterior while the rest of the tomb is made up of sandstone with white marble ornamentation. It is the first Indian building to use the Persian double dome architecture style.
d) The tomb was declared a World Heritage Site in 1993.
To read the other articles in the series follow :
Capsule 1 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-capsule-1-35244697
Capsule 3 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-3-35266672
Capsule 4 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-4-35268871
Capsule 5 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-5-35341786
Capsule 6 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-capsule-6-35357595
Capsule 7 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-capsule-7-35566343
Capsule 8 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-capsule-8-39061554
Capsule 9 :
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/upsc-gk-update-world-heritage-sites-in-india-capsule-9-39061946
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