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UPSC Civil Services GK update – Physical Geography: Soils – Capsule 4

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In this article, we would discuss other types of soil in the Indian Sub- continent.

e. Arid or desert soil: Sandy and alkaline in nature, the colour of arid soil ranges from brown to red. It is abundantly found in western Rajasthan, parts of Haryana, Punjab and Gujarat. High temperature and accelerated evaporation in these areas decrease the moisture and humus content. Due to high calcium content, the deeper layers of the soil are impermeable and unsuitable for agriculture. However, irrigation can increase moisture content and make the soil crop-worthy.

f. Saline soil: Dry climate and poor drainage can lead to deposition of salts in soil. Saline soil is abundantly found in western Gujarat (Rann of Kutch), West Bengal (Sunderban areas) and deltas of the east coast. Use of gypsum and proper irrigation can decrease the salinity of the soil.

g. Organic (peat) soil: This soil is commonly found in areas receiving high rainfall, thereby having a good vegetation cover. As the organic matter accumulates and decomposes, it gives rise to humus-rich, fertile soil. It is black in colour and rich in organic content, hence the name. This soil is majorly found in the northern Bihar, Uttaranchal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and coastal areas of West Bengal.

h. Forest soil: High in organic matter and low in pH value, it is mostly formed in the forest areas that receive sufficient rainfall.

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