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In this article, we would discuss the diseases of the urinary system.
Diseases of the urinary system
1. Urinary Tract infections: Bacterial infection in the urinary system i.e. bladder, kidneys, ureters and urethra. More frequent in women, it is characterized by pain in the lower back or abdomen area with a strong persistent urge to urinate. The urine appears cloudy or reddish. Most urinary tract infections are caused by E.coli while others that can cause are staphylococcus, proteus, klebsiella, enterococcus, and pseudomonas. The medications for UTI are amoxycillin, azithromycin and other fluoroquinolones.
2. Urinary Incontinence: It is the loss of voluntary control over the sphincter muscle that leads to the involuntary leakage of urine. The incontinence is of many types like stress incontinence, effort incontinence, functional incontinence and overflow incontinence. The triggers can vary from physical stress and birth defect to unstable or overactive bladder. Urinary incontinence can be controlled with certain lifestyle changes followed by pelvic floor exercises that help to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. For serious complications, surgery and injections can recommended.
3. Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): It is a hard crystalline mass formed in the kidney or urinary tract. These stones mostly occur in the form of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Oxalates are abundantly found in some vegetables, nuts and fruits. Dehydration and several metabolic disorders also contribute to the formation of kidney stones. Presence of blood/ pus cells in urine, pain in the groin along with burning sensation during urination are typical symptoms for the presence of kidney stones.
4. Bladder cancer: This cancer develops in the cells lining the bladder. Commonly found in older people, it is highly treatable if diagnosed early. Transitional cell carcinoma (cancer of the inner lining) is the most common type of bladder cancer found. Advanced stages of bladder cancer can lead to back pain, swelling in feet, weight loss and frequent painful urination. Combination of medication and chemotherapy can treat the cancer at early stages.
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