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The adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones in the form of long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones. The skeleton has many functions, namely supporting the body’s weight, protecting delicate organs, facilitating movement and muscle attachment, Haemopoiesis (formation of blood cellular components) and storing calcium and phosphate.
The entire skeleton consists of two main parts: Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton.
The axial skeleton comprises bones that form the upright portion or axis of the body. For instance: the skull and vertebral column. The appendicular skeleton consists of bones of the arms and the pelvic girdle.
Listed below are common names of bones and their scientific names:
- Skull – Cranium
- Jawbone – Mandible
- Collar bone – Clavicle
- Shoulder blade – Scapula
- Breast bone – Sternum
- Spine – Vertebral column
- Hip bone – Pelvic girdle
- Wrist – Carpals
- Knee cap – Patella
- Shin bone – Tibia
- Ankle – Tarsals
- Thigh bone – Femur
- Funny bone – Humerus
- Tailbone – Coccyx
- Chest cage – Thoracic cage
Facts about human bones:
- The strongest bone in the human body is femur (thigh bone)
- The longest bone in the human body is femur
- The smallest bone is the stapes/ stirrup bone (located in the middle ear)
- The axial skeleton has 80 bones
- The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones
- Tooth enamel (outer surface of the teeth) is the hardest substance in the human body
- The body part with most bones is hands (27 in each)
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