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From the production of beer in circa 6000 B.C to the first cloned mammal Dolly sheep, the progress in biotechnology has been ever growing. In the past few decades, biotechnology has resulted in big advancements and sophistication in fields such as medicine, industrial microbiology and agriculture. This article will discuss the basics of biotechnology.
What is Biotechnology?
1. It is the application of various biological processes/systems and microorganisms to manufacture products or increase industrial productivity for the benefit of the mankind. For example: production of antibiotics at a commercial level.
2. Today, biotechnology is undergoing resurgence with applications in the fields of healthcare, environment, industrial and agriculture.
3. It is a mix of multiple disciplines like molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, biochemistry and biostatistics.
Sub-disciplines of Biotechnology
Depending on the field of research, biotechnology can be divided into four branches namely-
1. Red Biotechnology: Also known as Medical Biotechnology, it is the science dedicated to improvements in medical science like development of new drugs (like antibiotics and vaccines), diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
2. Green Biotechnology: It is dedicated to providing more environment-friendly farming solutions compared to traditional agricultural practices and animal breeding techniques. Development of genetically-altered plants and animals to increase yield of better quality crops and animal products is the basis of green technology. For example: transgenic plants and animals.
3. Blue Biotechnology: Also, known a Marine Biotechnology, it is the application of biotechnological tools on marine resources in order to increase seafood supply, discover novel drugs, ensure safety of sea organisms from polluted water and control the growth of poisonous organisms.
4. White/ Grey Biotechnology: Also known as Industrial Biotechnology, it is the application of biotechnological tools like enzymes and microorganisms for the processing, production and purification of materials, chemicals and energy. It majorly focuses on making industrial manufacturing processes more environment-friendly with minimal waste generation.
Link to Biotechnology – capsule 2:
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/general-science-bullet-biotechnology-capsule-2-35033362
Link to Biotechnology – capsule 3:
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/general-science-bullet-biotechnology-capsule-3-35050091
Link to Biotechnology – capsule 4:
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/general-science-bullet-biotechnology-capsule-4-35065432
Link to Biotechnology – capsule 5:
https://www.pagalguy.com/articles/general-science-bullet-biotechnology-capsule-5-35131807
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